알기쉬운 한국건축 용어사전

개정증보판을 내면서
《알기쉬운 한국건축 용어사전》을 내면서
《그림으로 보는 한국건축용어》 서문

목재
수목의 생장 특성 수목의 단면 특성｜목재의 건조｜목재의 사용｜연륜연대

건축구조
가구식구조
들보식｜꿰방식
벽식구조
귀틀식｜벽주식｜조적식｜일체식

지정과 기초
항토기초｜토축기초｜입사기초｜적심석기초｜장대석기초｜회축기초｜탄축법｜염축법｜달고와 달고질｜개기식

기단과 계단
기단
토축기단｜자연석기단｜장대석기단｜가구식기단｜전축기단｜와적기단｜혼합식기단｜귀틀석｜댓돌｜방전
계단
돌계단｜나무계단｜벽돌계단
월대

초석
초석의 구성
자연석초석
가공석초석
원형초석｜방형초석｜다각형초석｜두주초석｜고맥이초석
특수초석
장주초석｜활주초석｜심주초석

평면
칸｜평면구성｜평면형식

기둥
기둥의 세부 명칭
재료에 따른 기둥의 종류
나무기둥｜돌기둥
형태에 따른 기둥의 종류
원주와 각주｜흘림기둥｜도랑주
위치와 기능에 따른 기둥의 종류
고주, 평주, 귓기둥｜어미기둥｜심주와 사천주｜누상주와 누하주｜활주｜동자주｜동바리기둥 ｜백이기둥
기둥에 사용된 기법과 장식
다림보기와 그렝이｜귀솟음과 안쏠림｜모접기와 면접기｜
편수깎기
입주식

공포
공포의 구성
출목과 출목수｜포수｜주두｜소로｜첨차｜살미｜익공｜하앙｜행공｜귀한대와 좌우대｜병첨과 도매첨
형식에 따른 공포의 종류
포식｜익공식｜민도리식
배치에 따른 공포의 종류
주심포식｜다포식

가구
단층가구 형식
삼량가｜평사량가｜오량가｜칠량가｜구량가
중층가구 형식
툇보형｜통주형｜심주형｜혼합형｜적층형
보
보와 보아지｜대들보, 중보, 종보｜맞보｜툇보｜충량｜귓보와 귀잡이보｜곡량과 덕량
가구를 구성하는 부재
우미량｜창방｜평방｜도리｜장혀와 단혀｜화반｜안초공｜승두, 초공과 초방｜초엽과 낙양각｜대공과 소슬합장

지붕가구
처마｜추녀와 사래｜서까래｜종심목과 누리개｜평고대｜착고판과 당골｜연함｜개판과 산자 ｜합각 및 박공｜풍판｜외기
선자연

지붕
지붕 형식
맞배지붕｜우진각지붕｜팔작지붕｜눈썹지붕｜모임지붕｜까치구멍집｜지붕마루
재료에 따른 지붕의 종류와 구성
기와지붕｜초가지붕｜너와 및 굴피지붕
기와의 종류
평와｜막새기와｜장식기와｜특수기와
잡상

벽과 인방
벽선｜인방｜토벽｜판벽｜심벽｜전축벽｜합각벽｜화방벽｜장지벽｜포벽｜고주상벽

문과 창호
개폐 방식
문의 종류
대문｜중문과협문｜누문｜일주문 ｜홍살문 ｜정려 및 효자문
창호의 종류
살창호｜창살｜판창호
문과 창호 장식
머름｜판문장식｜살창장식
문얼굴과 살대

마루
우물마루｜장마루｜대청｜툇마루｜쪽마루｜누마루｜들마루｜마루방과 골마루｜고삽마루

온돌
아궁이와 부뚜막｜구들｜연도와 굴뚝

천장
우물천장｜연등천장｜순각반자｜눈썹천장｜빗천장｜종이반자｜소경반자｜고미반자｜보개천장｜귀접이천장

난간
계자난간｜평난간｜돌난간

단청
단청의 종류
가칠단청｜긋기단청｜모로단청｜금단청
무늬의 구성
머리초｜금문｜별화｜부리초｜궁창초｜반자초
단청 시공
초안도｜출초｜천초｜조채｜아교포수｜가칠｜타분｜도채 ｜먹기화｜들기름칠

장엄장식
닫집｜어탑｜사자｜용｜해태와 사신｜드무｜풍경｜주련｜편액｜만(卍)자｜귀면｜태극｜십이지신상｜사물

이음과 맞춤
이음
맞댄이음｜장부이음｜맞장부이음과 엇걸이산지이음｜반턱이음 및 갈퀴이음｜빗이음
맞춤
사개맞춤｜장부맞춤｜턱맞춤｜상투걸이맞춤｜연귀맞춤
쪽매

건축연장
윤도판｜자｜먹통 ｜대패｜톱｜자귀｜끌｜정｜송곳

담
사고석담｜꽃담｜와편담｜돌담｜토담｜죽담｜생울｜싸리울｜바자울｜판장｜취병｜내외담｜내담과 샛담｜곡담｜유

성곽
성곽의 종류
도성｜읍성｜목책성｜토성｜석성｜전축성｜산성｜평지성｜평산성
성곽의 구성
성문｜암문｜수문｜옹성｜체성｜적대｜현안｜용도｜여장｜치｜각루｜장대｜봉수대｜해자

석조물
석탑｜석등｜승탑｜당간｜탑비｜하마비｜석조｜누조｜노둣돌｜품계석｜정료대｜망료위｜관세위｜봉발대｜계단

다리
징검다리｜나무다리｜평석교｜홍예교｜누교｜배다리

무덤
석물 배치｜호석｜문석인과 무석인｜장명등｜석양과 석호｜신도비와 묘비｜혼유석｜상석｜계체석｜망주석｜정자각

부록
용어표기법｜전각 명칭｜사찰 전각의 의미｜여래상｜보살상｜수인｜고건축 관련 척도｜동양 비교연표｜연호 및 간지 사용 사례｜한·중·일 연호｜왕조표｜간지표｜나침반

찾아보기
참고문헌

*영문 차례

Contents

Preface to the Revised and Enlarged Edition 4
Preface to the Revised Edition 6
Preface 8

Wood 22
Growth Characteristics of Trees 24 | Cross-sectional Characteristics of Trees 25 | Desiccation of Wood 28 | Wood Application 30 | Dendrochronology (Tree-ring Dating) 32

Structure 34
Post-and-lintel Structure 36
Beams on Column System 36 | Column Pierced Beam System 37
Wall Structure 40
Stacked Log Construction System 40 | Primitive Pillar-wall Structure System 41 | Masonry Construction System 42 | Monolithic Structure System 43

Groundwork and Foundation
Groundwork Surface Foundation 47 | Earthen Foundation 48 | Sand-water-tamping Foundation 50 | Gravel-tamping Foundation 51 |Rectangular Stone Spread Footing Foundation 52 |Quicklime Added Foundation 53 | Charcoal Powder Added Foundation 54 |Salt Added Foundation 55 | Rammer and Rammering 56
Ground-breaking Ceremony 59

Stylobate and Stairs
Stylobate Stylobate 62
Earthen Stylobate 63 | Natural Form Stone Stylobate 64 |Rectangular Stone Stylobate 65 | Post and Lintel Stylobate 66 | Brick Stylobate 67 |Roof-tile Stylobate 68 | Hybrid Stylobate 69 | L-shape Cornerstone 70 |Piled Stone or Stepping Stone 70 | Square Tile 72
Stairs 75
Stone Stairs 75 | Wooden Stairs 80 | Brick Stairs 82
Widened Stylobate 83

Stone Column Base
Composition of Stone Column Base 86
Natural Form Stone Column Base 88
Refined Stone Column Base 89
Round Shape Stone Column Base 89 | Square Shape Stone Column Base 90 |
Polygonal Shape Stone Column Base 91 |Plain Square Shape Stone Column Base 93 | Column Base with Perimeter Stone 94
Unique Stone Column Base 95
Tall Stone Column Base 95 | Eave-supporting Column Stone Base 96 |
Central Column Stone Base for Wooden Pagoda 97

Floor Planning 98
Planar Module Bay (Kan) 100 | Plan Composition 101 |
Type of Plan Composition 104

Column 108
Column Part Designation 110
Type of Columns Depending on Material 111
Wooden Column 111 | Stone Column 112
Classification of Columns Depending on Sectional Form 113
Round Column and Angular Column 113 | Tapered Column 115 |Natural Shape Column 117
Type of Columns Depending on Function and Location 118
Tall Column, Typical Column and Corner Column 118 |Tall Column on Flank Center 119 | Center Column of Wooden Pagoda and Corner
Column of Wooden Pagoda 120 | Upper and Lower Column of a Pavilion 122 |
Eave-supporting Column 123 | Queen Post 124 |
Floor-supporting Post 125 | Ground-buried Column 126
Technics and Ornamentation Related to Column Construction 127
Vertical Alignment and Notching 127 | Gradual Increase of Height towards Corner
Columns and Slight inward Tilting of Columns 129 |Chamfering and Line Insert on Surface 130 | Rounding Column Head 132
First Column Erection Ceremony 133

Bracket Set
Composition of Bracket Set 137
Bracket Row and Number of Bracket Rows 137 | Number of Bracket Arms 139 |
Column Top (Bracket) Support 140 | Bracket Bearing Block 142 | Bracket Arm 144 |
Cantilever Bracket Arm 147 | Wing-shaped Cantilever Bracket 150 |
Extended Cantilever Bracket Arm 151 | Purlin Brace Tie 153 |
Angle Brace and Transverse Brace 155 | Parallel Brace and Oblique Brace 157
Classification of Bracket Set 158
Typical Bracket Set 158 | Bracket Set with Wing-shaped Cantilever Bracket 159 |
Type without Bracket Set 162
Type of Bracket Set Depending on Location 164
Type with Bracket Set Only on Columns 164 |
Type with Multiple Bracket Set on Columns and In-between 166

Frame Structure
Single-roof Frame Structure
3 Purlin Structure 170 | 4 Purlin Structure 171 | 5 Purlin Structure 172 |7 Purlin Structure 175 | 9 Purlin Structure 176
Layered-roof Frame Structure 177
Upper Column on Beam Type 177 | One Column through Multi-layer Type 178 |Center Column Type 179 | Hybrid Type 180 | Stacked Column Type 181
Beam Types 182
Beam and Beam Supports 182 | Main Crossbeam, Collar Crossbeam and Ridge
Crossbeam 185 | Center-column Beam 186 | External Crossbeam 187 |Transverse Beam 189 | Angle Beam and Angle Tie 191 |Curved Beam and Beam Resting on Purlin 192
Elements Composing Frame Structure 193
Oxtail-shape Beam 193 | Column Head Connecting Beam 194 | Bracket Set
Supporting Beam 196 | Purlin 198 | Purlin Support and Short Purlin Support 200 |Flower-shape Board Struts 202 | Bracket-set Base Wing 204 |Purlin Tie, Decorated Purlin Tie and Small Purlin Tie 205 |Lintel-column Bracket and Elongated Lintel-column Bracket 206 |Ridge Post and Slanted Purlin Tie 208

Roof Frame 212
Eaves 214 | Diagonal Corner Rafter and Corner Rafter Extension 216 |
Frame 212 Rafter 220 | Ridge-purlin Stabilizer and Eaves Purlin 225 | Laths on Rafters 226 |Block Board between Additional Rafters and Gap between Rafters 228 | Pan Tile
Supporting Laths 230 | Roof Board and Lattice Sticks Across Roof Rafters 231 |Triangle Element of Hip-and Gable Roof and Gable Wooden Plank 233 |Gable Board 235 | Projected Mid-purlin 237
Fan-shaped Rafter 239

Roof 242
Roof Types 244
Gabled Roof 244 | Hipped Roof 245 | Hipped-and-gabled Roof 246 |Eyebrow Roof (Small Roof) 247 | Hip Roof without Ridge 248 |Small Gable Hybrid Roof 249 | Roof Ridge 250
Roof Type Depending on Material 253
Tiled Roof 253 | Thatched Roof 256 | Slate Roof and Bark Shingled Roof 259
Roof Tile Type 261
Flat Roof Tile 262 | Antefix 264 | Decorative Tile 266 | Unique Tile 269
Decorative Figures at Eave Ridge 272

Wall and Lintel 274
Wall Stud 276 | Lintel 276 | Earthen Wall 279 | Wooden Panel Wall 280 |Compacted Earth Wall 282 | Brick Wall 285 | Gable Wall 286 | Fire-proof Wall 287 |Wooden-rib Paper Finish Wall (for Insulation) 289 | Board between Bracket-set 290 |Board between Purlin and Purlin Support 291

Openings 292
Type of Operation 295
Door Type 300
Front Gate 301 | Middle Gate and Postern Gate 304 | Gate under Pavilion 306 |One Pillar Gate 307 | Red Colored Gate with Arrow Shape Decoration 308 |Monument Gate and Monument Gate to the Filial Piety 309
Door and Window Types 311
Lattice Door and Window 311 | Lattice Patterns of Openings 316 |Board Doors 322
Decorations of Door and Windows 324
High Window Sill 324 | Door Fixtures 326 | Window Fixtures 330
Sectional Shape of Door Frame and Lattice Sectional Shape 334

Wooden Floor 336
Well-pattern Maru 338 | Strip Wooden Floor 340 | Roofed Main Hall Maru 341 |
Half Bay Maru 342 | Added Maru 344 | Elevated Maru 345 | Portable Maru 346 |
Wooden Floor Room and Partial Wooden Floor Room 347 |
Triangle Corner Maru 347

Floor Heating System 348
Firewood Intake Opening and Cooking Furnace 350 |
Floor Heating System 352 | Horizontal Smoke Channel and Chimney 356

Ceiling 360
Coffered Ceiling 362 | Exposed Ceiling 363 | Ceiling between Bracket Set 364 |Eyebrow Ceiling 365 | Slanted Ceiling 366 | Paper Finish Ceiling 368 |Exposed Ceiling with Paper-finish 369 | Earth Insulated Ceiling on Wooden
Structure 370 | Coffered Ceiling for Holiness 371 | Triangular Recess Ceiling 372

Balustrade 374
Protruding Balustrade 376 | Flat Balustrade 378 | Stone Balustrade 380

Decorative Polychrome
Types of Polychrome 384
Monochrome 385 | Line Polychrome 386 |Polychrome with Patterns at the End of Member 387 | Full Pattern Polychrome 388
Composition of Patterns 389
Flower Decoration at the End of Member 389 | Pattern Decoration at the Middle
of Member 391 | Independent Pattern 391 | Pattern at the Tip of Member 392 |Pattern at the Lower Part of Door 392 | Pattern at Coffered Ceiling 393
Process of Polychrome 394
Preliminary Drawing 394 | Drawing onto Thick Paper 394 | Puncturing of the Paper with Needle for Transfer 395 | Pigment Preparation 395 |Glue and Alum Application 395 | Base Pigment Application 396 |Transfer of Drawing to Member 396 | Pigment Application 397 | Highlighting Outline 397 | Perilla Oil Coating 397

Decorations and Ornaments
Roof-shape Interior Canopy (Baldachin) 400 |Elevated Platform for Throne 402 | Lion Sculpture 403 | Dragon 404 |Mythical Unicorn Lion and Four Guardians 406 | Symbolic Firewater Bowl 409 |Wind Chime 410 | Pillar Tablet 411 | Framed Plaque 412 | Svastika 415 | the Mask of a Devil 416 | Yin-yang Symbol 418 | Twelve Zodiac Animals 419 | Buddhist Objects 421

Joinery 424
Lengthening Extension Types 426
Butt Extension 426 | Mortise-and-tenon Extension 428 |Stop Bladed Scarf Extension and Tenoned Scarf Extension 430 | Half-lap Scarf
Extension and Dovetailed Scarf Extension 432 | Splayed Extension 434
Joint Types 435
Four-way Dovetail Joint 435 | Mortise-and-tenon Joint 436 | Shoulder Joint 442 |Post and Beam Joint with Tenon 445 | Miter Joint 446
Board Joint 448

Tools 450
FengShui Compass 452 | Ruler 452 | Inkwell 455 | Plane 456 | Saw 458 | Adze 459 |
Flat Chisel (Slot Chiesel) 460 | Point Chisel 461 | Gimlet 462

Outer Walls 464
Cube Stone Wall 466 | Floral Pattern Brick Wall 467 | Roof Tile Wall 468 |Stone Wall 469 | Earthen Wall 470 | Earth-bond Stone Wall 471 |Plant Screen 472 | Bush Clover Screen 473 | Weaved Screen 473 |Wooden Board Fence 474 | Plant Screen with Frame 475 |Privacy Wall 476 | Inner Wall and Wall in-between Space 477 |Tomb Surrounding Wall 478 | State Deities Altar Surrounding Wall 479

Fortress Walls 480
Fortress Wall Types 482
Capital City Fortress Wall 482 | City Fortress Wall 484 | Wooden Fortress Wall 485 |Earthen Fortress Wall 486 | Stone Fortress Wall 487 | Brick Fortress Wall 488 | Fortress Wall on a Mountain 489 | Flatland Fortress Wall 490 | Hill Fortress Wall 491
Elements of Fortress Wall 492
Fortress Gate 492 | Hidden Gate 496 | Flood Gate 497 | Drum Tower 498 |
Rampart 499 | Gate House 501 | Machicolation 502 |
Wall-walk (Chemin de Ronde) 503 | Battlement 504 | Flanking Tower 506 |
Corner Sentry Tower 508 | Control Tower 510 | Beacon Tower 511 | Moat 512

Stone Works 514
Stone Pagoda 516 | Stone Lantern 519 | Stone Stupa 521 | Flagpole 524 |Stone Stele Accompanying Stupa 526 | Dismount Sign Stone 528 |Stone Basin 529 | Water Spout 530 | Dismounting Stone Steps 532 |Rank Sign Stone 533 | Stone Pedestal for Illuminating Device 534 |Brick Housing for Burning Used Ceremonial Items 535 |Stone Cleansing Bowl 536 | Stone Offering Bowl to Maitreya 536 |Stone Platform for Buddhist Initiation Ritual 537

Bridges
Stepping-stone Bridge 540 | Wooden Bridge 541 | Stone Slab Bridge 542 |Arch Bridge 546 | Pavilion Bridge 549 | Pontoon Bridge 550
Tomb 552 Stone Work Placement 554 | Stone Slabs around a Tumulus 556 |Stone Statue of Civil Official and Stone Statue of Military Official 557 |Stone Lantern for a Tomb 558 | Stone Sheep to Ward off Evil Spirits and Stone Tiger to Guard the Tomb 559 | Tombstone with Epitaph and Tomb Stele 560 |Spirit Stone Seat 562 | Ritual Stone Table 563 |Ritual Area Marking Platform Stone 564 | Pair of Stone Posts 565 |T-shape Plan Shrine 566

Appendix
Terminology Notation Principle | Names of Building Types |Meaning of Each Building in a Temple | Statue of Buddha |Statue of Bodhisattva | Hand Gestures (Mudras) |Measurements Related to Ancient Architecture |Comparative Chronological Table of the East |Examples of Era Names and Zodiac Cycle Usage |Era Names of Korea, China, and Japan | Table of Dynasties |Zodiac Cycle Table | Compass

Index
Bibliography